de Freitas v Permanent Secretary of Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries, Lands and Housing

Subject Matter

CONSTITUTION — Antigua and barbuda — Constitution — Fundamental rights and freedoms — Freedoms of expression and assembly — Statutory prohibition on communication by civil servants of information or opinions on politically controversial matters — Whether unconstitutional — Antigua and Barbuda Constitution Order 1981, Sch 1, ss 12(1)(4), 13(1)(2) — Civil Service Act, s 10(2)(a)(4)

[1999] 1 AC 69; [1998] 3 WLR 675

Cases Cited

Cases cited in: de Freitas v Permanent Secretary of Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries, Lands and Housing [1999] 1 AC 69; [1998] 3 WLR 675, PC

Attorney-General of The Gambia v. Momodou Jobe [1984] A.C. 689; [1984] 3 W.L.R. 174, P.C.

Attorney-General v Antigua Times Ltd [1976] AC 16; [1975] 3 WLR 232; [1975] 3 All ER 81, PC

Broadrick v. Oklahoma (1973) 413 U.S. 601

Council of Civil Service Unions v. United Kingdom, 20 January 1987, Application No. 11603/85, 50 D. & R. 228

Fraser and Public Service Staff Relations Board, In re (1985) 23 D.L.R. (4th) 122

G. v. Federal Republic of Germany, 6 March 1989, Application No. 13079/87, 60 D. & R. 256

Gooding v. Wilson (1972) 405 U.S. 518

Government of the Republic of South Africa v. The Sunday Times Newspaper [1995] 1 L.R.C. 168

Hector v Attorney-General of Antigua and Barbuda [1990] 2 AC 312; [1990] 2 WLR 606; [1990] 2 All ER 103; The Times, 23 January 1990, PC

Minister of Home Affairs v Fisher [1980] AC 319; [1979] 2 WLR 889; [1979] 3 All ER 21, PC

National Association for the Advancement of Colored People v. Button (1963) 371 U.S. 415

Nyambirai v. National Social Security Authority [1996] 1 L.R.C. 64

Osborne v. Canada (Treasury Board) (1991) 82 D.L.R. (4th) 321

Retrofit (Pvt.) Ltd. v. Posts and Telecommunications Corporation [1996] 4 L.R.C. 489

Thappar (Romesh) v. State of Madras [1950] S.C.R. 594

Vogt v. Germany (1995) 21 E.H.R.R. 205

Subsequent Consideration

Cases subsequently considering: de Freitas v Permanent Secretary of Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries, Lands and Housing [1999] 1 AC 69; [1998] 3 WLR 675, PC

Cases citing

Cases citing: de Freitas v Permanent Secretary of Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries, Lands and Housing [1999] 1 AC 69; [1998] 3 WLR 675, PC

A v A Health Authority [2002] Fam 213; [2002] 3 WLR 24; [2002] 1 FLR 845; [2002] EWHC 18 (Fam/Admin), Fam D

A v HM Treasury (JUSTICE intervening) (Nos 1 and 2) [2010] UKSC 5; [2010] 2 AC 534; [2010] 2 WLR 378; [2010] 4 All ER 829; Case details, SC(E)

A v HM Treasury (JUSTICE intervening) (Nos 1 and 2) [2008] EWCA Civ 1187; [2010] 2 AC 534; [2009] 3 WLR 25; [2009] 2 All ER 747, CA

A v HM Treasury (JUSTICE intervening) (Nos 1 and 2) [2008] EWHC 869 (Admin); [2008] 3 All ER 361, QBD

A v Secretary of State for the Home Department [2004] UKHL 56; [2005] 2 AC 68; [2005] 2 WLR 87; [2005] 3 All ER 169; [2003] INLR 249, HL(E)

A v Secretary of State for the Home Department [2002] EWCA Civ 1502; [2004] QB 335; [2003] 2 WLR 564; [2003] 1 All ER 816, CA

A v Secretary of State for the Home Department (No 2) [2004] EWCA Civ 1123; [2005] 1 WLR 414, CA

AE v Secretary of State for the Home Department [2008] EWHC 1743 (Admin), QBD

AG (Eritrea) v Secretary of State for the Home Department [2007] EWCA Civ 801; [2008] 2 All ER 28, CA

AL (Serbia) v Secretary of State for the Home Department [2008] UKHL 42; [2008] 1 WLR 1434; [2008] 4 All ER 1127; 24 BHRC 738, HL(E)

AS (Somalia) v Secretary of State for the Home Department [2009] UKHL 32; [2009] 1 WLR 1385; [2009] 4 All ER 711; [2009] WLR (D) 194, HL(E)

AXA General Insurance Ltd v HM Advocate [2011] UKSC 46; [2012] 1 AC 868; [2011] 3 WLR 871; 2012 SC (UKSC) 122; Case details, SC(Sc)

Ali v Secretary of State for Justice [2015] EWHC 2221 (Admin), QBD

Anderton v Clwyd County Council (No 2) [2002] EWCA Civ 933; [2002] 1 WLR 3174; [2002] 3 All ER 813, CA

Anufrijeva v Southwark London Borough Council [2003] EWCA Civ 1406; [2004] QB 1124; [2004] 2 WLR 603; [2004] 1 All ER 833; [2004] LGR 184; [2004] 1 FLR 8, CA

Association of British Civilian Internees "Far East Region"" (R on the application of) v Secretary of State for Defence" [2003] EWCA Civ 473, CA

Aster Communities Ltd (formerly Flourish Homes Ltd) v Akerman-Livingstone [2015] UKSC 15; [2015] AC 1399; [2015] 2 WLR 721; [2015] 3 All ER 725; [2015] HLR 20; [2015] 2 P & CR 10; [2015] L & TR 13; [2015] WLR (D) 121; [2015] BLGR 765; Case details, SC(E)

Attorney General v Random House Group Ltd [2009] EWHC 1727 (QB), QBD

Attorney General v Scotcher [2005] UKHL 36; [2005] 1 WLR 1867; [2005] 3 All ER 1; [2005] 2 Cr App R 573, HL(E)

Austin v Comr of Police of the Metropolis [2005] EWHC 480 (QB); [2005] HRLR 647, QBD

Axon (Sue) (R on the application of) v (1) Secretary of State for Health (2) The Family Planning Association (Intervenor) [2006] EWHC 37 (Admin), QBD

B (R on the application of) v (1) Dr SS (2) Dr AC (3) Secretary of State for the Department of Health [2005] EWHC 86 (Admin), QBD

Baiai (Mahmoud) (2) Trzcinska (Izabela) (3) Bigoku (Leonard) (4) Agolli (5) Tilki (Melek) v Secretary of State for the Home Department & Joint Council for the Welfare of Immigrants (Intervener) [2006] EWHC 823 (Admin), QBD

Bank Mellat v HM Treasury (No 2) [2011] EWCA Civ 1; [2012] QB 101; [2011] 3 WLR 714; [2011] 2 All ER 802, CA

Bank Mellat v HM Treasury (No 2) [2013] UKSC 38; [2013] UKSC 39; [2014] AC 700; [2013] 3 WLR 179; [2013] 4 All ER 495; [2013] 4 All ER 533; [2013] Lloyd's Rep FC 580; [2013] HRLR 30; [2013] WLR (D) 244, SC(E)

Bank Mellat v HM Treasury (No 2) [2010] EWHC 1332 (QB); [2010] Lloyd's Rep FC 504; [2010] WLR (D) 148, QBD

Bank Mellat v HM Treasury (No 5) [2015] EWHC 1258 (Comm); [2016] 1 All ER (Comm) 766; [2015] CN 766, QBD

Barca (Romanco) (Male) v Mears (Malcolm John) (Trustee of the Estate of Romano Barca (Male) [2004] EWHC 2170 (Ch), Ch D

Barca v Mears [2004] EWHC 2170 (Ch); [2005] 2 FLR 1, Ch D

Barnfather v Islington Education Authority [2003] EWHC 418 (Admin); [2003] 1 WLR 2318, DC

Barnfather v London Borough of Islington [2003] EWHC 418 (Admin), QBD

Basingstoke & Deane Borough Council v John Eastwood [2018] EWHC 179 (QB), QBD

Beghal v Director of Public Prosecutions [2013] EWHC 2573 (Admin); [2014] QB 607; [2014] 2 WLR 150; [2014] 1 All ER 529; [2014] ACD 29; [2013] WLR (D) 341; (2013) 157(34) SJLB 40, DC

Black v Wilkinson [2013] EWCA Civ 820; [2013] 1 WLR 2490; [2013] 4 All ER 1053; [2013] WLR (D) 270, CA

Bradley (Graham) v The Jockey Club [2004] EWHC 2164 (QB), QBD

Bradley (Graham) v The Jockey Club [2005] EWCA Civ 1056, CA

Brevan Howard Asset Management LLP v Reuters Ltd [2017] EWCA Civ 950; [2017] WLR (D) 459, CA

British Sky Broadcasting Group Plc v (1) Competition Commission (2) The Secretary of State [2008] CAT 25, CAT

Broom v Secretary of State for Defence [2010] EWHC 2695 (Admin), QBD

Bryan v Secretary of State for Justice [2010] EWHC 2507 (Admin); [2011] 1 FLR 1902, QBD

CDS v THE SECRETARY OF STATE FOR THE HOME DEPARTMENT [2010] UKUT 305 (IAC), UT

Cable and Wireless (Dominica) Ltd v Marpin Telecoms and Broadcasting Co Ltd [2001] 1 WLR 1123, PC

Cachia v Faluyi [2001] EWCA Civ 998; [2001] 1 WLR 1966; [2002] 1 All ER 192, CA

Canal & River Trust v Jones [2017] EWCA Civ 135; [2018] QB 305; [2017] 3 WLR 516; [2017] WLR (D) 161, CA

Chief Constable of West Yorkshire Police v Homer [2012] UKSC 15; [2012] ICR 704; [2012] 3 All ER 1287; [2012] WLR (D) 122; Case details, SC(E)

Comrs of Customs & Excise v Alzitrans SL [2003] EWHC 75 (Ch), Ch D

Countryside Alliance v HM Attorney General [2005] EWHC 1677 (Admin), QBD

Cranfield v Bridgegrove Ltd [2003] EWCA Civ 656; [2003] 1 WLR 2441; [2003] 3 All ER 129, CA

DM, R. v [2011] EWCA Crim 2752, CA

Daiichi Pharmaceuticals UK Ltd v Stop Huntingdon Animal Cruelty [2003] EWHC 2337 (QB); [2004] 1 WLR 1503, QBD

Dalston Projects Ltd v Secretary of State for Transport [2024] EWCA Civ 172; [2024] 1 WLR 3327; [2024] WLR(D) 113, CA

Diocese of Menevia (R on the applicatio of) v City and County of Swansea Council [2015] EWHC 1436 (Admin), QBD

Express Ltd (trading as Express Dairies Distribution) v Environment Agency [2003] EWHC 448 (Admin); [2004] 1 WLR 579; [2003] 2 All ER 778, DC

Farrakhan (R on the application of) v The Secretary of State for the Home Department [2002] EWCA Civ 606, CA

Forbes (Giles) v Secretary of State for the Home Department [2005] EWHC 1597 (QB), QBD

Gallastegui (R on the application of) v Westminster City Council [2013] EWCA Civ 28, CA

Gallastegui v City Of Westminster [2012] EWHC 1123 (Admin), QBD

Gough & Smith v Chief Constable of Derbyshire [2002] EWCA Civ 351, CA

Gough v Chief Constable of the Derbyshire Constabulary [2002] EWCA Civ 351; [2002] QB 1213; [2002] 3 WLR 289; [2002] 2 All ER 985, CA

H v Lord Advocate [2012] UKSC 24; [2013] 1 AC 413; [2012] 3 WLR 151; 2012 SC (UKSC) 308; [2012] 4 All ER 600; Case details, SC

Hamilton v The Queen [2012] UKPC 31; [2012] 1 WLR 2875; [2013] 1 Cr App R 205; Case details, PC

Hook (R on the application of) v Secretary of State for Social Security [2007] EWHC 1705 (Admin), QBD

Huang v Secretary of State for the Home Department [2007] UKHL 11; [2007] 2 AC 167; [2007] 2 WLR 581; [2007] 4 All ER 15; [2007] 1 FLR 2021, HL(E)

ICO Satellite Ltd (R on the application of) v The Office of Communications [2010] EWHC 2010 (Admin), QBD

In re JR38 [2015] UKSC 42; [2016] AC 1131; [2015] 3 WLR 155; [2015] 4 All ER 90; 39 BHRC 657; [2015] EMLR 25; [2015] HRLR 13; [2015] WLR (D) 280; [2015] NI 190; Case details, SC(NI)

In the application of Suryananda v The Welsh Ministers [2007] EWHC 1736 (Admin), QBD

International Transport Roth GmbH v Secretary of State for the Home Department [2002] EWCA Civ 158; [2003] QB 728; [2002] 3 WLR 344, CA

Kataria v Essex Strategic Health Authority [2004] EWHC 641 (Admin); [2004] 3 All ER 572, QBD

Kennedy v Information Comr [2011] EWCA Civ 367; [2012] 1 WLR 3524, CA

Kennedy v Information Comr [2014] UKSC 20; [2015] AC 455; [2014] 2 WLR 808; [2014] 2 All ER 847; [2014] WLR (D) 143; Case details, SC(E)

Kotecha & Anor, R (on the application of) v Secretary of State for the Home Department [2011] EWHC 2070 (Admin), QBD

Lindsay v Customs and Excise Comrs [2002] EWCA Civ 267; [2002] 1 WLR 1766; [2002] 3 All ER 118; [2002] RTR 313; [2002] STC 588, CA

London Regional Transport (2) London Underground Ltd v (1) Mayor of London (2) Transport for London [2001] EWCA Civ 1491, CA

Lough v First Secretary of State [2004] EWCA Civ 905; [2004] 1 WLR 2557, CA

Loutchansky v Times Newspapers Ltd (Nos 2–5) [2001] EWCA Civ 1805; [2002] QB 783; [2002] 2 WLR 640; [2002] 1 All ER 652, CA

MS, R (on the application of) v The Secretary of State for the Home Department [2015] UKUT 539 (IAC), UT

Machado (Mario Mendes) v Secretary of State for the Home Department [2005] EWCA Civ 597, CA

Matthews v Ministry of Defence [2003] UKHL 4; [2003] 1 AC 1163; [2003] 2 WLR 435; [2003] ICR 247; [2003] 1 All ER 689, HL(E)

Mayor of London (on behalf of the Greater London Authority) v Hall [2010] EWCA Civ 817; [2011] 1 WLR 504; [2010] WLR (D) 195, CA

McCartan Turkington Breen v Times Newspapers Ltd [2001] 2 AC 277; [2000] 3 WLR 1670; [2000] 4 All ER 913, HL(NI)

McCloud v Lord Chancellor and Secretary of State for Justice [2018] EWCA Civ 2844; [2019] ICR 1489; [2020] 1 All ER 304; [2019] WLR(D) 1; [2019] WLR (D) 1, CA

Merlot 73 Ltd (R on the application of ) v City Of Westminster Magistrates Court [2013] EWHC 3416 (Admin), QBD

Mersey Care NHS Trust v Ackroyd (Robin) [2006] EWHC 107 (QB), QBD

Miao (Chengjie) v Secretary of State for the Home Department [2006] EWCA Civ 75, CA

Moore v Secretary Of State For Communities And Local Government [2015] EWHC 44 (Admin), QBD

Motorola Credit Corpn v Uzan (No 2) [2003] EWCA Civ 752; [2004] 1 WLR 113, CA

Nilsen (R on the application of) v HM Prison Whitemoor and the Secretary of State for the Home Department [2002] EWHC 668 (Admin), QBD

Norris v Government of the United States of America (No 2) [2009] EWHC 995 (Admin), DC

Pascoe v First Secretary of State [2006] EWHC 2356 (Admin), QBD

R (Aguilar Quila) v Secretary of State for the Home Department (AIRE Centre intervening) [2010] EWCA Civ 1482; [2011] 3 All ER 81; [2011] 1 FLR 1187; [2011] 2 FCR 462; [2011] Imm AR 423; [2011] HRLR 11; [2010] WLR (D) 341; The Times, 10 January 2011, CA

R (Aguilar Quila) v Secretary of State for the Home Department (AIRE Centre intervening) [2009] EWHC 3189 (Admin); [2010] 1 FCR 81, QBD

R (Association of British Civilian Internees: Far East Region) v Secretary of State for Defence [2003] EWCA Civ 473; [2003] QB 1397; [2003] 3 WLR 80, CA

R (Axon) v Secretary of State for Health (Family Planning Association intervening) [2006] EWHC 37 (Admin); [2006] QB 539; [2006] 2 WLR 1130; [2006] 2 FLR 206, QBD

R (B) v Ashworth Hospital Authority [2005] UKHL 20; [2005] 2 AC 278; [2005] 2 WLR 695; [2005] 2 All ER 289, HL(E)

R (B) v Secretary of State for the Home Department [2014] EWCA Civ 854; [2014] 1 WLR 4188; [2014] WLR (D) 281, CA

R (Baiai) v Secretary of State for the Home Department [2006] EWHC 823 (Admin); [2007] 1 WLR 693; [2006] 3 All ER 608; [2006] 2 FLR 645; [2006] 2 FCR 131; The Times, 14 April 2006, QBD

R (Baiai) v Secretary of State for the Home Department [2008] UKHL 53; [2009] AC 287; [2008] 3 WLR 549; [2008] 3 All ER 1094; [2008] 2 FLR 1462; [2008] 3 FCR 1; The Times, 13 August 2008, HL(E)

R (Bibi) v Secretary of State for the Home Department (Liberty intervening) [2013] EWCA Civ 322; [2014] 1 WLR 208; [2013] 3 All ER 778; [2013] WLR (D) 139, CA

R (British American Tobacco UK Ltd) v Secretary of State for Health [2004] EWHC 2493 (Admin), QBD

R (Chapti) v Secretary of State for the Home Department (Liberty intervening) [2011] EWHC 3370 (Admin); [2012] 2 All ER 653, QBD

R (Collins) v Secretary of State for Justice [2016] EWHC 33 (Admin); [2016] QB 862; [2016] 2 WLR 1303; [2016] 3 All ER 490; [2016] 1 Cr App R 25; [2016] WLR (D) 13, DC

R (Countryside Alliance) v Attorney General [2006] EWCA Civ 817; [2007] QB 305; [2006] 3 WLR 1017, CA

R (Countryside Alliance) v Attorney General [2007] UKHL 52; [2008] AC 719; [2007] 3 WLR 922; [2008] 2 All ER 95, HL(E)

R (D) v Secretary of State for the Home Department [2003] EWHC 155 (Admin); [2003] 1 FLR 979, QBD

R (DHL International (UK) Ltd) v Office of Communications [2016] EWHC 938 (Admin); [2016] 1 WLR 4274; [2016] WLR (D) 232, QBD

R (Daly) v Secretary of State for the Home Department [2001] UKHL 26; [2001] 2 AC 532; [2001] 2 WLR 1622; [2001] 3 All ER 433, HL(E)

R (Dowsett) v Secretary of State for Justice [2013] EWHC 687 (Admin); [2013] WLR (D) 126; [2013] ACD 77, QBD

R (E) v Governing Body of JFS (United Synagogue intervening) [2009] EWCA Civ 626; [2009] PTSR 1442; [2009] 4 All ER 375; [2009] WLR (D) 209, CA

R (Elias) v Secretary of State for Defence [2006] EWCA Civ 1293; [2006] 1 WLR 3213; [2006] IRLR 934, CA

R (F (A Child)) v Secretary of State for Justice [2008] EWHC 3170 (Admin); [2010] 1 WLR 76; [2009] 2 Cr App R (S) 47; [2009] ACD 24; [2009] Crim LR 305, DC

R (F (A Child)) v Secretary of State for Justice [2010] UKSC 17; [2011] 1 AC 331; [2010] 2 WLR 992; [2010] 2 All ER 707; (2010) 113 BMLR 209; [2010] WLR (D) 98; Case details, SC(E)

R (F (A Child)) v Secretary of State for Justice [2009] EWCA Civ 792; [2010] 1 WLR 76; [2010] 1 All ER 1024; [2009] HRLR 30; [2009] WLR (D) 253; [2009] UKHRR 1417, CA

R (Farrakhan) v Secretary of State for the Home Department [2002] EWCA Civ 606; [2002] QB 1391; [2002] 3 WLR 481; [2002] 4 All ER 289, CA

R (G) v Nottinghamshire Healthcare NHS Trust [2008] EWHC 1096 (Admin); [2009] PTSR 218, DC

R (G) v Nottinghamshire Healthcare NHS Trust [2009] EWCA Civ 795; [2010] PTSR 674; [2009] WLR (D) 260, CA

R (Gallastegui) v Westminster City Council [2013] EWCA Civ 28; [2013] 1 WLR 2377; [2013] 2 All ER 579; [2013] LGR 337; [2013] WLR (D) 45, CA

R (Gallastegui) v Westminster City Council [2012] EWHC 1123 (Admin); [2012] 4 All ER 401; [2012] LGR 789; [2012] WLR (D) 135, DC

R (Hirst) v Secretary of State for the Home Department [2002] EWHC 602 (Admin); [2002] 1 WLR 2929, QBD

R (Hooper) v Secretary of State for Work and Pensions [2003] EWCA Civ 813; [2003] 1 WLR 2623; [2003] 3 All ER 673, CA

R (Jorgenson) v Secretary Of State for Justice [2011] EWHC 977 (Admin); [2011] ACD 81, QBD

R (Kehoe) v Secretary of State for Work and Pensions [2005] UKHL 48; [2006] 1 AC 42; [2004] 1 WLR 2757; [2005] 3 WLR 252; [2005] 4 All ER 905; [2005] 2 FLR 1249, HL(E)

R (Keyu) v Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs [2015] UKSC 69; [2016] AC 1355; [2015] 3 WLR 1665; [2016] 4 All ER 794; [2016] HRLR 2; [2015] WLR (D) 487; The Times, 15 December 2015; Case details, SC(E)

R (L) v Chief Constable of Cumbria Constabulary [2013] EWHC 869 (Admin); [2014] 1 WLR 601; [2013] CN 917, QBD

R (Laporte) v Chief Constable of Gloucestershire Constabulary [2006] UKHL 55; [2007] 2 AC 105; [2007] 2 WLR 46; [2007] 2 All ER 529, HL(E)

R (Lord Carlile of Berriew) v Secretary of State for the Home Department [2013] EWCA Civ 199; [2013] CN 437, CA

R (Lord Carlile of Berriew) v Secretary of State for the Home Department [2014] UKSC 60; [2015] AC 945; [2014] 3 WLR 1404; [2015] 2 All ER 453; [2014] WLR (D) 479; Case details, SC(E)

R (McAtee) v Secretary of State for Justice [2018] EWCA Civ 2851; [2019] 1 WLR 3766; [2019] WLR(D) 11, CA

R (Merlot 73 Ltd) v City of Westminster Magistrates’ Court [2013] EWHC 3416 (Admin); [2013] CN 1704, QBD

R (Miranda) v Secretary Of State for the Home Department [2014] EWHC 255 (Admin), QBD

R (Miranda) v Secretary of State for the Home Department (Liberty intervening) [2014] EWHC 255 (Admin); [2014] 1 WLR 3140; [2014] 3 All ER 447; [2014] WLR (D) 93, DC

R (Npower Direct Ltd) v Gas and Electricity Markets Authority [2018] EWHC 3576 (Admin), QBD

R (Nur) v Birmingham City Council [2021] EWHC 1138 (Admin); [2021] HLR 41, QBD

R (Persey) v Secretary of State for the Environment, Food and Rural Affairs [2002] EWHC 371 (Admin); [2003] QB 794; [2002] 3 WLR 704, DC

R (Pretty) v Director of Public Prosecutions (Secretary of State for the Home Department intervening) [2001] UKHL 61; [2002] 1 AC 800; [2001] 3 WLR 1598; [2002] 1 All ER 1; [2002] 1 FLR 268; [2002] 2 Cr App R 1, HL(E)

R (ProLife Alliance) v British Broadcasting Corpn [2003] UKHL 23; [2004] 1 AC 185; [2003] 2 WLR 1403; [2003] 2 All ER 977, HL(E)

R (Quila) v Secretary of State for the Home Department [2009] EWHC 3189 (Admin), QBD

R (R) v Chief Constable of Greater Manchester Police [2013] EWHC 2721 (Admin), QBD

R (Razgar) v Secretary of State for the Home Department [2004] UKHL 27; [2004] 2 AC 368; [2004] 3 WLR 58; [2004] 3 All ER 821, HL(E)

R (Robertson) v Wakefield Metropolitan District Council [2001] EWHC Admin 915; [2002] QB 1052; [2002] 2 WLR 889; [2002] LGR 286, QBD

R (Rottman) v Comr of Police of the Metropolis [2002] UKHL 20; [2002] 2 AC 692; [2002] 2 WLR 1315; [2002] 2 All ER 865, HL(E)

R (S) v Chief Constable of the South Yorkshire Police [2002] EWCA Civ 1275; [2002] 1 WLR 3223; [2003] 1 All ER 148; [2003] 1 Cr App R 247; [2003] Crim LR 39, CA

R (Smith) v Secretary of State for the Home Department [2024] EWHC 1137 (Admin); [2024] WLR(D) 218, KBD

R (Star China Media Ltd) v Office of Communications [2023] EWCA Civ 843; [2024] 1 WLR 248; [2023] WLR(D) 310, CA

R (Star China Media Ltd) v Office of Communications [2022] EWHC 3136 (Admin), KBD

R (Tigere) v Secretary of State for Business, Innovation and Skills [2014] EWHC 2452 (Admin); [2014] CN 1683, QBD

R (Williamson) v Secretary of State for Education and Employment [2002] EWCA Civ 1926; [2003] QB 1300; [2003] 3 WLR 482; [2003] 1 All ER 385; [2003] 1 FLR 726, CA

R (X) v Head Teacher and Governors of Y School [2007] EWHC 298 (Admin); [2008] 1 All ER 249; [2007] LGR 698, QBD

R v A (No 2) [2001] UKHL 25; [2002] 1 AC 45; [2001] 2 WLR 1546; [2001] 3 All ER 1; [2001] 2 Cr App R 351, HL(E)

R v Andrewes [2020] EWCA Crim 1055; [2020] WLR(D) 465; [2020] Lloyd’s Rep FC 557, CA

R v Benjafield [2003] 1 AC 1099; [2001] 3 WLR 75; [2001] 2 All ER 609; [2002] 1 All ER 801; [2001] 2 Cr App R 87, CA

R v Benjafield [2002] UKHL 1; [2002] UKHL 2; [2003] 1 AC 1099; [2002] 2 WLR 235; [2002] 1 All ER 815; [2002] 2 Cr App R (S) 71; [2002] 2 Cr App R 72; [2002] Crim LR 335; [2002] 2 Cr App 54; [2002] Cr App R (S) 70, HL(E)

R v Director of Public Prosecutions, Ex p Kebilene [2000] 2 AC 326; [1999] 3 WLR 972; [1999] 4 All ER 801; [2000] 1 Cr App R 275, HL(E)

R v Hussain (Ashiq) [2010] EWCA Crim 1327, CA

R v Nelson [2009] EWCA Crim 1573; [2010] QB 678; [2010] 2 WLR 788; [2010] 4 All ER 666; [2010] 1 Cr App R (S) 82; [2009] WLR (D) 266, CA

R v Offen [2001] 1 WLR 253; [2001] 2 All ER 154; [2001] 1 Cr App R 372; [2001] 2 Cr App R (S) 10, CA

R v Rimmington [2003] EWCA Crim 3450; [2004] 1 WLR 2878; [2004] 2 All ER 589; [2004] 1 Cr App R 388, CA

R v Roberts (Richard) (Liberty intervening) [2018] EWCA Crim 2739; [2019] 1 WLR 2577; [2018] WLR(D) 745, CA

R v Shayler [2001] EWCA Crim 1977; [2001] 1 WLR 2206, CA

R v Shayler [2002] UKHL 11; [2003] 1 AC 247; [2002] 2 WLR 754; [2002] 2 All ER 477, HL(E)

R v Zafar [2008] EWCA Crim 184; [2008] QB 810; [2008] 2 WLR 1013; [2008] 4 All ER 46; [2008] 2 Cr App R 84, CA

R( Bloomsbury Institute Ltd) v Office for Students [2020] EWHC 580 (Admin), QBD

Ranger v House of Lords Appointments Commission [2015] EWHC 45 (QB); [2015] 1 WLR 4324; [2015] CN 133, QBD

Ranger v The House of Lords Appointments Commission [2015] EWHC 45 (QB), QBD

Revill v Damiani [2017] EWHC 2630 (QB), QBD

Rowland v Environment Agency [2002] EWHC 2785 (Ch); [2003] Ch 581; [2003] 2 WLR 1233; [2003] 1 All ER 625; [2003] 1 Lloyd's Rep 427, Ch D

Royden (R on the application of) v Metropolitan Borough of Wirral [2002] EWHC 2484 Admin, QBD

Rx (Elliott Associates LP) v London Metal Exchange [2024] EWCA Civ 1168, CA

SK v THE SECRETARY OF STATE FOR THE HOME DEPARTMENT [2009] UKAIT 32, UT

SS (Congo) v Secretary of State for the Home Department [2015] EWCA Civ 387; [2016] 1 All ER 706; [2015] WLR (D) 199, CA

SS (Congo) v The Secretary of State for the Home Department [2015] EWCA Civ 387, CA

SS (Nigeria) -v- Secretary of State for the Home Department [2013] EWCA Civ 550, CA

SS (Nigeria) v Secretary of State for the Home Department [2013] EWCA Civ 550; [2014] 1 WLR 998; [2013] Imm AR 1106; [2013] WLR (D) 192, CA

Samaroo & Sezek v Secretary of State for the Home Department [2001] EWCA Civ 1139, CA

Secretary of State for the Home Department v AM [2009] EWHC 3053 (Admin); [2010] ACD 29, QBD

Smith v Secretary of State for Housing, Communities and Local Government [2021] EWHC 1650 (Admin); [2022] PTSR 1; [2021] WLR(D) 344, QBD

Smith v Secretary of State for Trade & Industry [2007] EWHC 1013 (Admin), QBD

South Lanarkshire Council v Scottish Information Comr [2013] UKSC 55; [2013] 1 WLR 2421; [2013] 4 All ER 629; [2013] WLR (D) 307; Case details, SC(Sc)

Sritharan v Law Society [2005] EWCA Civ 476; [2005] 1 WLR 2708; [2005] 4 All ER 1105, CA

Suraj v Attorney General of Trinidad and Tobago [2022] UKPC 26; [2023] AC 337; [2022] 3 WLR 309; [2022] WLR(D) 308, PC

THE SECRETARY OF STATE FOR THE HOME DEPARTMENT v ATIF SHAHZAD [2014] UKUT 85 (IAC), UT

Taylor (R on the application of) v Governor of Her Majesty’s Prison Risley [2004] EWHC 2654 (Admin), QBD

The Comr of Police for the Metropolis v Times Newspapers Ltd [2011] EWHC 2705 (QB), QBD

The Gleaner Co Ltd v Abrahams [2003] UKPC 55; [2004] 1 AC 628; [2003] 3 WLR 1038, PC

The Mayor of London v Haw (Brian) [2011] EWHC 585 (QB), QBD

The Queen on the Application of Mauricio Antonio Keiserie v Secretary of State for Justice [2019] EWHC 2252 (Admin), QBD

Tigere (R on the application of) v Secretary Of State For Business, Innovation & Skills [2014] EWHC 2452 (Admin); 2014 EWHC 2452 (Admin), QBD

Toussaint v Attorney General of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines [2007] UKPC 48; [2007] 1 WLR 2825; [2008] 1 All ER 1, PC

Tweed v Parades Commission for Northern Ireland [2006] UKHL 53; [2007] 1 AC 650; [2007] 2 WLR 1; [2007] 2 All ER 273, HL(NI)

Wandsworth London Borough Council v Michalak [2002] EWCA Civ 271; [2003] 1 WLR 617; [2002] 4 All ER 1136, CA

Watson v The Queen (Attorney General for Jamaica intervening) [2004] UKPC 34; [2005] 1 AC 472; [2004] 3 WLR 841, PC

Wilson v First County Trust Ltd (No 2) [2001] EWCA Civ 633; [2002] QB 74; [2001] 3 WLR 42; [2001] 3 All ER 229; [2001] 2 All ER (Comm) 134, CA

Worme v Comr of Police of Grenada [2004] UKPC 8; [2004] 2 AC 430; [2004] 2 WLR 1044, PC

Wyles (Christopher) (R on the application of) v (1) The Parole Board (2) Secretary of State for the Home Department [2006] EWHC 493 (Admin), QBD

X (R on the application of) v Y School [2007] EWHC 298 (Admin), QBD

XC (R on the application of) v London Borough of Southwark [2017] EWHC 736 (Admin), QBD

Commentary

Blackstones Civil Practice 2023
Convention Rights - Proportionality 91.13