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Pemberton v Inwood

Subject Matter

DISCRIMINATION — Employment — Authorisation or qualification — Church of England priest married to same sex partner — Request for licence needed to take up post with NHS trust as hospital chaplain — Bishop refusing licence on ground same sex marriage inconsistent with teachings of Church — Claims of direct discrimination and harassment by bishop due to sexual orientation and/or marital status — Whether bishop “qualifications body” — Whether licence qualification for purpose of employment for purposes of an organised religion — Whether bishop applying requirement to comply with doctrines of Church — Whether discrimination lawful on religious grounds — Whether harassment lawful — Equality Act 2010 (c 15), ss 26, 53, 54, Sch 9, para 2

UKEAT/72/16; [2017] ICR 929, EAT

DISCRIMINATION — Employment — Authorisation or qualification — Church of England priest married to same sex partner — Bishop refusing licence required to take up NHS hospital chaplain post on ground same sex marriage inconsistent with Church teachings — Direct discrimination and harassment claims against bishop — Whether licence “relevant qualification” and bishop “qualifications body” — Whether employment “for purposes of organised religion” — Whether requirement not to be in same sex marriage applied to comply with “doctrines” of Church — Whether discrimination lawful — Whether conduct constituting harassment — Equality Act 2010 (c 15) (as amended by Marriage (Same Sex Couples) Act 2013 (c 30), Sch 7, para 45), ss 13, 26, 53, 54, Sch 9, para 2

[2018] EWCA Civ 564; [2018] ICR 1291; [2018] WLR(D) 179, CA

Words & Phrases

"Qualifications body" — Equality Act 2010 (c 15), s 54

Cases Considered

Cases considered in: Pemberton v Inwood [2018] EWCA Civ 564; [2018] ICR 1291; [2018] WLR(D) 179, CA

Fernández Martínez v Spain (2014) 60 EHRR 3, ECtHR (GC) Distinguished

Richmond Pharmacology v Dhaliwal [2009] ICR 724, EAT Explained

Carter v Ahsan [2007] UKHL 51; [2008] AC 696; [2008] 2 WLR 17; [2008] ICR 82; [2008] 1 All ER 869; [2008] IRLR 243; (2007) 157 NLJ 1694; The Times, 27 November 2007, HL(E) Dictum of Lord Hoffmann, para 18, applied

British Judo Association v Petty [1981] ICR 660, EAT Considered

Cases considered in: Pemberton v Inwood UKEAT/72/16; [2017] ICR 929, EAT

Land Registry v Grant [2011] EWCA Civ 769; [2011] ICR 1390, CA Considered

Richmond Pharmacology v Dhaliwal [2009] ICR 724, EAT Considered

R (Amicus—MSF Section) v Secretary of State for Trade and Industry (Christian Action Research Education intervening) [2004] EWHC 860 (Admin); [2007] ICR 1176, QBD Considered

Cases Cited

Cases cited in: Pemberton v Inwood UKEAT/72/16; [2017] ICR 929, EAT

Ali v McDonagh [2002] EWCA Civ 93 ; [2002] ICR 1026 {0} {1} , CA

British Judo Association v Petty [1981] ICR 660, EAT

Calvert v Gardiner [2002] EWHC 1394 (QB); The Times, 22 July 2002

Carter v Ahsan [2007] UKHL 51; [2008] AC 696; [2008] 2 WLR 17; [2008] ICR 82; [2008] 1 All ER 869; [2008] IRLR 243; (2007) 157 NLJ 1694; The Times, 27 November 2007, HL(E)

Fernández Martínez v Spain CE:ECHR:2014:0612JUD5603007; 60 EHRR 3, GC

GMB v Henderson UKEAT/73/14 (unreported) 13 March 2015, EAT

Ganga v Chelmsford Diocesan Board of Finance (unreported) 15 January 2015, Employment Tribunal

Kelly v Northern Ireland Housing Executive [1999] 1 AC 428; [1998] 3 WLR 735; [1998] ICR 828, HL(NI)

Kulkarni v NHS Education Scotland UKEATS/31/12 (unreported) 16 October 2012, EAT

Land Registry v Grant [2011] EWCA Civ 769; [2011] ICR 1390, CA

Long v Bishop of Cape Town (1863) 1 Moo PC NS 411, PC

Obst v Germany CE:ECHR:2010:0923JUD42503

Partridge v Mallandaine 18 QBD 276, DC

Patterson v Legal Services Commission [2003] EWCA Civ 1558; [2004] ICR 312, CA

R (Amicus—MSF Section) v Secretary of State for Trade and Industry (Christian Action Research Education intervening) [2004] EWHC 860 (Admin); [2007] ICR 1176, QBD

Richmond Pharmacology v Dhaliwal [2009] ICR 724, EAT

Schüth v Germany CE:ECHR:2010:0923JUD162003; 52 EHRR 32

Sharpe v Worcester Diocesan Board of Finance Ltd [2015] EWCA Civ 399; [2015] ICR 1241; [2015] WLR (D) 196, CA

Tattari v Private Patients Plan Ltd [1998] ICR 106, CA

Weeks v Newham College of Further Education [2012] Eq LR 788, EAT

Cases cited in: Pemberton v Inwood [2018] EWCA Civ 564; [2018] ICR 1291; [2018] WLR(D) 179, CA

Ali v McDonagh [2002] EWCA Civ 93 ; [2002] ICR 1026 {0} {1} , CA

British Judo Association v Petty [1981] ICR 660, EAT

Carter v Ahsan [2007] UKHL 51; [2008] AC 696; [2008] 2 WLR 17; [2008] ICR 82; [2008] 1 All ER 869; [2008] IRLR 243; (2007) 157 NLJ 1694; The Times, 27 November 2007, HL(E)

Fernández Martínez v Spain CE:ECHR:2014:0612JUD005603007; 60 EHRR 3, GC

Hasan and Chaush v Bulgaria CE:ECHR:2000:1026JUD003098596; 34 EHRR 55, GC

Kelly v Northern Ireland Housing Executive [1999] 1 AC 428; [1998] 3 WLR 735; [1998] ICR 828, HL(NI)

Kulkarni v NHS Education Scotland [2013] Eq LR 34, EAT

Land Registry v Grant [2011] EWCA Civ 769; [2011] ICR 1390, CA

Legal Services Commission v Patterson (Yvonne) [2003] EWCA Civ 1558, CA

R (Amicus—MSF Section) v Secretary of State for Trade and Industry (Christian Action Research Education intervening) [2004] EWHC 860 (Admin); [2007] ICR 1176, QBD

Richmond Pharmacology v Dhaliwal [2009] ICR 724, EAT

Sharpe v Worcester Diocesan Board of Finance Ltd [2015] EWCA Civ 399; [2015] ICR 1241; [2015] WLR (D) 196, CA

Tattari v Private Patients Plan Ltd [1998] ICR 106, CA

Cases citing

Cases citing: Pemberton v Inwood UKEAT/72/16; [2017] ICR 929, EAT

Omooba v Michael Garrett Associates Ltd (trading as Global Artists) [2024] EAT 30, EAT

Cases citing: Pemberton v Inwood [2018] EWCA Civ 564; [2018] ICR 1291; [2018] WLR(D) 179, CA

Ali v Heathrow Express Operating Co Ltd [2022] EAT 54, EAT

Altemimi v General Medical Council [2024] EWHC 1731 (Admin), KBD

Baldwin v Cleves School [2024] EAT 66; [2024] ICR 1001; [2024] WLR(D) 199, EAT

Gould v St John’s Downshire Hill UKEAT/2/20; [2021] ICR 1, EAT

Greasley-Adams v Royal Mail Group Ltd [2023] EAT 86; [2023] ICR 1031; [2023] IRLR 723, EAT

Omooba v Michael Garrett Associates Ltd (trading as Global Artists) [2024] EAT 30, EAT

R (Cornerstone (North East) Adoption and Fostering Services Ltd) v Office for Standards in Education, Children’s Services and Skills [2020] EWHC 1679 (Admin); [2021] PTSR 14; [2020] WLR(D) 396, QBD

R (Cornerstone (North East) Adoption and Fostering Services Ltd) v Office for Standards in Education, Children’s Services and Skills [2021] EWCA Civ 1390; [2022] PTSR 595; [2022] 2 All ER 516; [2022] 2 FLR 54, CA

T , R (on the application of) v The Secretary of State for Education [2018] EWHC 2582 (Admin), QBD

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