In re N (An Adult) (Court of Protection: Jurisdiction)

Subject Matter

MENTAL DISORDER — Court of Protection — Jurisdiction — Public authority declining to commission or fund certain services for incapacitated adult — Whether Court of Protection having jurisdiction to consider whether such services in incapacitated adult’s best interests — Whether court’s failure to do so breach of Convention rights — Human Rights Act 1998, s 7, Sch 1, Pt I, arts 6, 8 — Mental Capacity Act 2005, ss 1(5), 15, 16

[2015] EWCA Civ 411; [2016] Fam 87; [2015] 3 WLR 1585; [2015] WLR (D) 208, CA

MENTAL DISORDER — Court of Protection — Jurisdiction — Public authority declining to commission or fund care package sought by parents of incapacitated adult — Parents seeking declaration from Court of Protection that such services in incapacitated adult’s best interests — Court refusing to hold best interests inquiry as serving no useful purpose given lack of power to order public authority to provide sought-after package — Whether refusal properly within court’s case management powers — Mental Capacity Act 2005 (c 9), ss 15, 16

[2017] UKSC 22; [2017] AC 549; [2017] 2 WLR 1011; [2017] 3 All ER 719; [2017] WLR (D) 202; Case details, SC(E)

MENTAL DISORDER — Mental incapacity — Whether court should embark on contested “best interests” trial

[2013] EWHC 3859 (COP); [2014] COPLR 11; [2013] CN 1859, Ct of Protection

Appellate History

Legislation Considered

Statutes

Human Rights Act 1998 (c 42), s 7, Sch 1, Pt I, arts 6, 8

Mental Capacity Act 2005 (c 9), ss 1(5), 15, 16

Cases Considered

Cases considered in: In re N (An Adult) (Court of Protection: Jurisdiction) [2017] UKSC 22; [2017] AC 549; [2017] 2 WLR 1011; [2017] 3 All ER 719; [2017] WLR (D) 202; Case details, SC(E)

Cases considered in: In re N (An Adult) (Court of Protection: Jurisdiction) [2015] EWCA Civ 411; [2016] Fam 87; [2015] 3 WLR 1585; [2015] WLR (D) 208, CA

Cases Cited

Cases cited in: In re N (An Adult) (Court of Protection: Jurisdiction) [2013] EWHC 3859 (COP); [2014] COPLR 11; [2013] CN 1859, Ct of Protection

Aintree University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust v James [2013] UKSC 67; [2014] AC 591; [2013] 3 WLR 1299; [2014] 1 All ER 573; [2013] WLR (D) 421; Case details, SC(E)

Cases cited in: In re N (An Adult) (Court of Protection: Jurisdiction) [2015] EWCA Civ 411; [2016] Fam 87; [2015] 3 WLR 1585; [2015] WLR (D) 208, CA

A (Male Sterilisation), In re [2000] 1 FLR 549, CA

A Local Authority & PB v P [2011] EWHC 2675, Fam D

A Local Authority v PB and B [2011] EWHC 502; [2011] COPLR Con Vol 166, Ct of Protection

A NHS Trust v A [2013] EWHC 2442 (Fam); [2014] Fam 161; [2014] 2 WLR 607; [2013] CN 1281, Ct of Protection

A v A Health Authority [2002] Fam 213; [2002] 3 WLR 24; [2002] 1 FLR 845; [2002] EWHC 18 (Fam/Admin), Fam D

A v Liverpool City Council [1982] AC 363; [1981] 2 WLR 948; [1981] 2 All ER 385; 79 LGR 621, HL(E)

Aintree University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust v James [2013] UKSC 67; [2014] AC 591; [2013] 3 WLR 1299; [2014] 1 All ER 573; [2013] WLR (D) 421; Case details, SC(E)

Al-Sweady (R on the application of) v Secretary of State for the Defence [2009] EWHC 2387 (Admin), QBD

Associated Provincial Picture Houses Ltd v Wednesbury Corpn [1947] EWCA Civ 1; [1948] 1 KB 223; [1947] 2 All ER 680; 45 LGR 635; 63 TLR 623; (1947) 177 LT 641; (1948) 92 SJ 26, CA

C v A Local Authority [2011] EWHC 1539 (Admin), QBD

C v C (Court of Protection: Disclosure) [2014] EWCOP 131; [2014] 1 WLR 2731; [2014] WLR (D) 43, Ct of Protection

CF v Secretary of State for the Home Department [2004] EWHC 111 (Fam); [2004] 2 FLR 517, Fam D

Chatting v Viridian Housing [2012] EWHC 3595 (Admin), QBD

Connors v United Kingdom (2004) 40 EHRR 9

DM v Doncaster Metropolitan Borough Council [2011] EWHC 3652 (Admin), QBD

E v Channel Four Television Corp [2005] EWHC 1144 (Fam); [2005] 2 FLR 950, Fam D

ET, R (on the application of) v London Borough of Islington & Anor [2012] EWHC 3228 (Admin), QBD

G v E, A Local Authority and F [2010] EWHC 621 (Fam); [2010] 2 FLR 294, Ct of Protection

Hillingdon London Borough Council v Neary [2011] EWHC 1377 (COP); [2011] EWCOP 1377; [2011] 4 All ER 584; [2012] 1 FLR 72; [2011] 3 FCR 448; 122 BMLR 1; [2011] Med LR 446; [2011] MHLR 404, Ct of Protection

Holmes-Moorhouse v Richmond upon Thames London Borough Council [2009] UKHL 7; [2009] 1 WLR 413; [2009] PTSR 698; [2009] 3 All ER 277; [2009] LGR 730; [2009] 1 FLR 904, HL(E)

Huang v Secretary of State for the Home Department [2007] UKHL 11; [2007] 2 AC 167; [2007] 2 WLR 581; [2007] 4 All ER 15; [2007] 1 FLR 2021, HL(E)

In re A (Care Proceedings: Asylum Seekers) [2003] EWHC 1086 (Fam); [2003] 2 FLR 921, Fam D

In re B-S (Children) (Adoption Order: Leave to Oppose) [2013] EWCA Civ 1146; [2014] 1 WLR 563; [2014] 1 FLR 1035; [2013] WLR (D) 348, CA

In re Baker (Infants) [1962] Ch 201; [1961] 3 WLR 694; [1961] 3 All ER 276; 59 LGR 475, CA

In re C (Adoption: Religious Observance) [2002] 1 FLR 1119, QBD

In re Case A and Case B (Court of Protection: Delay and Costs) [2014] EWCOP 48; [2014] CN 2082, Ct of Protection

In re D (A Minor) [1987] 1 WLR 1400; [1987] 3 All ER 717; 86 LGR 442, CA

In re F (Mental Patient: Sterilisation) [1990] 2 AC 1; [1989] 2 WLR 1025; [1989] 2 All ER 545; [1989] 2 FLR 376, HL(E)

In re JS (A Minor) (Wardship: Boy Soldier) [1990] Fam 182; [1990] 3 WLR 119; [1990] 2 All ER 861, Fam D

In re L (A Child) [2015] EWFC 15; [2015] CN 374, Fam Ct

In re L (Care Proceedings: Human Rights Claims) [2003] EWHC 665 (Fam); [2003] 2 FLR 160, Fam D

In re M (Incapacitated Adult) (Best Interests Declaration: Potential Contempt) [2015] EWCOP 3; [2015] Fam 239; [2015] 3 WLR 190; [2016] 1 All ER 71; [2015] WLR (D) 42, Ct of Protection

In re MM (An Adult) [2007] EWHC 2689 (Fam); [2009] 1 FLR 487, Fam D

In re Mohamed Arif (An Infant) [1968] Ch 643; [1968] 2 WLR 1290; [1968] 2 All ER 145, CA

In re R (Wardship: Restrictions on Publication) [1994] Fam 254; [1994] 3 WLR 36; [1994] 3 All ER 658, CA

In re S (Adult Patient: Sterilisation) [2001] Fam 15; [2000] 3 WLR 1288; [2000] 2 FLR 389, CA

In re S (Vulnerable Adult) [2007] 2 FLR 1095, Fam D

In re S and D (Children: Powers of Court) [1995] 2 FLR 456, CA

In re T (A Minor) (Care Order: Conditions) [1994] 2 FLR 423, CA

In re T (Wardship: Review of Police Protection Decision) [2008] EWHC 196 (Fam); [2010] 1 FLR 1026, Fam D

In re V (A Child) (Care Proceedings: Human Rights Claims) (Practice Note) [2004] EWCA Civ 54; [2004] 1 WLR 1433; [2004] 1 All ER 997; [2004] 1 FLR 944, CA

In re W (A Child) (Care Proceedings: Court’s Function) [2013] EWCA Civ 1227; [2014] 1 WLR 1611; [2014] LGR 313; [2014] 2 FLR 431; [2013] WLR (D) 382, CA

In re W (A Minor) (Adoption Agency: Wardship) [1990] Fam 156; [1990] 2 WLR 1116; [1990] 2 All ER 463; The Times, 1 March 1990, Fam D

In re W (A Minor) (Wardship: Jurisdiction) [1985] AC 791; [1985] 2 WLR 892; [1985] 2 All ER 301; 83 LGR 669, HL(E)

In re W (Children) [2014] EWFC 22; [2014] CN 1432, Fam Ct

In re X; Barnet London Borough Council v Y and X [2006] 2 FLR 998, County Ct

Islington London Borough Council v TM [2004] EWHC 2050 (Fam)

JF (R on the application of) v NHS Sheffield Clinical Commissioning Group [2014] EWHC 1345 (Admin), QBD

K v LBX [2012] EWCA Civ 79, CA

KD and LD v Havering London Borough Council [2010] 1 FLR 1393, Ct of Protection

Kay v United Kingdom (2010) 54 EHRR 30

L v Leeds County Council [2010] EWHC 3324 (Admin), QBD

M (Best Interests: Deprivation of Liberty), In re [2013] EWHC 3456; [2014] COPLR 35, Ct of Protection

MM, In re; Local Authority X v MM [2007] EWHC 2003 (Fam); [2009] 1 FLR 443

Manchester City Council v Pinnock (Secretary of State for Communities and Local Government intervening) [2010] UKSC 45; [2011] 2 AC 104; [2010] 3 WLR 1441; [2011] PTSR 61; [2011] 1 All ER 285; [2010] LGR 909; [2010] WLR (D) 278; Case details, SC(E)

Manchester City Council v Pinnock (Secretary of State for Communities and Local Government intervening) [2011] UKSC 6; [2011] 2 AC 104; [2011] 2 WLR 220; [2011] 2 All ER 586; Case details, SC(E)

McCann v United Kingdom [2008] LGR 474; [2008] STC 474; [2008] 2 FLR 899; 47 EHRR 913, ECtHR (GC)

N (R on the application of ) v Dr M [2002] EWCA Civ 1789, CA

NCC v PB [2014] EWCOP 14, Fam D

Nipa Begum v Tower Hamlets London Borough Council [2000] 1 WLR 306, CA

R (A) v Croydon London Borough Council [2009] UKSC 8; [2009] 1 WLR 2557; [2010] PTSR 106; [2010] 1 All ER 469; [2010] LGR 183; [2010] 1 FLR 959; [2009] WLR (D) 342; Case details, SC(E)

R (Anton) v Secretary of State for the Home Department; In re Anton [2004] EWHC 2730 (Admin); [2005] 2 FLR 818, QBD

R (Daly) v Secretary of State for the Home Department [2001] UKHL 26; [2001] 2 AC 532; [2001] 2 WLR 1622; [2001] 3 All ER 433, HL(E)

R (Ireneschild) v Lambeth London Borough Council [2007] EWCA Civ 234; [2007] LGR 619, CA

R (KM) v Cambridgeshire County Council [2012] UKSC 23; [2012] PTSR 1189; [2012] 3 All ER 1218; [2012] LGR 913; [2012] WLR (D) 171; Case details, SC(E)

R (Khana) v Southwark London Borough Council [2001] EWCA Civ 989; [2002] LGR 15, CA

R (McDonald) v Kensington and Chelsea Royal London Borough Council [2011] UKSC 33; [2011] PTSR 1266; [2011] 4 All ER 881; [2012] LGR 107; [2011] WLR (D) 218; Case details, SC(E)

R (Wilkinson) v Broadmoor Special Hospital Authority [2001] EWCA Civ 1545; [2002] 1 WLR 419, CA

R v North and East Devon Health Authority, Ex p Coughlan [2001] QB 213; [2000] 2 WLR 622; [2000] 3 All ER 850; [1999] LGR 703, CA

R v Portsmouth Hospitals NHS Trust Ex Parte Glass [1999] 2 FLR 905, CA

R v Secretary of State for the Home Department, Ex p T [1995] 1 FLR 293, CA

Redbridge London Borough Council v G [2014] EWCOP 1361; [2014] CN 859, Ct of Protection

Runa Begum v Tower Hamlets London Borough Council [2003] UKHL 5; [2003] 2 AC 430; [2003] 2 WLR 388; [2003] 1 All ER 731; [2003] LGR 205; [2003] HLR 32, HL(E)

S v Knowsley Borough Council [2004] EWHC 491 (Fam); [2004] 2 FLR 716, Fam D

S v S [2008] EWHC 2288 (Fam); [2009] 1 FLR 241, Fam D

SK (Impact of Best Interests Decision on Queen’s Bench Proceedings), In re [2013] COPLR 458

SK, In re [2012] EWHC 1990 (COP); [2012] COPLR 712, Ct of Protection

Sen v The Netherlands (2001) 36 EHRR 7

St Helens Borough Council v PE [2006] EWHC 3460 (Fam), Fam D

XCC v AA [2012] EWHC 2183 (COP); [2013] 2 All ER 988, Ct of Protection

YA v A Local Authority [2010] EWHC 2770 (Fam); [2011] 1 WLR 1505; [2011] 1 FLR 2007, Ct of Protection

Cases cited in: In re N (An Adult) (Court of Protection: Jurisdiction) [2017] UKSC 22; [2017] AC 549; [2017] 2 WLR 1011; [2017] 3 All ER 719; [2017] WLR (D) 202; Case details, SC(E)

A Local Authority & PB v P [2011] EWHC 2675, Fam D

A Local Authority v PB and B [2011] EWHC 502; [2011] COPLR Con Vol 166, Ct of Protection

A Local Authority v X [2016] EWCOP 44, Ct of Protection

A v Liverpool City Council [1982] AC 363; [1981] 2 WLR 948; [1981] 2 All ER 385; 79 LGR 621, HL(E)

AN v Lithuania CE:ECHR:2016:0531JUD001728008, ECtHR

Aintree University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust v James [2013] UKSC 67; [2014] AC 591; [2013] 3 WLR 1299; [2014] 1 All ER 573; [2013] WLR (D) 421; Case details, SC(E)

Ali v Birmingham City Council [2010] UKSC 8; [2010] 2 AC 39; [2010] 2 WLR 471; [2010] PTSR 524; [2010] 2 All ER 175; [2010] LGR 401; [2010] WLR (D) 86; Case details, SC(E)

CC v KK and STC [2012] EWHC 2136; [2012] COPLR 627, Ct of Protection

G v E [2010] 2 FLR 294

G v E (Deputyship and Litigation Friend) [2010] EWHC 2512 (COP); [2011] 1 FLR 1652; [2011] WTLR 199, Ct of Protection

Hillingdon London Borough Council v Neary [2011] EWHC 1377 (COP); [2011] EWCOP 1377; [2011] 4 All ER 584; [2012] 1 FLR 72; [2011] 3 FCR 448; 122 BMLR 1; [2011] Med LR 446; [2011] MHLR 404, Ct of Protection

Holmes-Moorhouse v Richmond upon Thames London Borough Council [2009] UKHL 7; [2009] 1 WLR 413; [2009] PTSR 698; [2009] 3 All ER 277; [2009] LGR 730; [2009] 1 FLR 904, HL(E)

In re A and C (Equality and Human Rights Commission Intervening) [2010] EWHC 978 (Fam); [2010] 2 FLR 1363, Fam D

In re F (Mental Patient: Sterilisation) [1990] 2 AC 1; [1989] 2 WLR 1025; The Times, 8 December 1988; The Independent, 6 December 1988; The Guardian, 3 December 1988, CA

In re M (Incapacitated Adult) (Best Interests Declaration: Potential Contempt) [2015] EWCOP 3; [2015] Fam 239; [2015] 3 WLR 190; [2016] 1 All ER 71; [2015] WLR (D) 42, Ct of Protection

In re NRA [2015] EWCOP 59; 18 CCLR 392; [2015] COPLR 690; [2015] WLR (D) 394, Ct of Protection

In re V (A Child) (Care Proceedings: Human Rights Claims) (Practice Note) [2004] EWCA Civ 54; [2004] 1 WLR 1433; [2004] 1 All ER 997; [2004] 1 FLR 944, CA

In re W (A Child) (Care Proceedings: Court’s Function) [2013] EWCA Civ 1227; [2014] 1 WLR 1611; [2014] LGR 313; [2014] 2 FLR 431; [2013] WLR (D) 382, CA

KD and LD v Havering London Borough Council [2010] 1 FLR 1393, Ct of Protection

McDonald v United Kingdom (2014) 60 EHRR 1

North Yorkshire County Council v MAG [2016] EWCOP 5, Ct of Protection

R (K) v West London Mental Health NHS Trust [2006] EWCA Civ 118; [2006] 1 WLR 1865, CA

Shtukaturov v Russia (2008) 54 EHRR 27

St Helens Borough Council v PE [2006] EWHC 3460 (Fam); [2007] 2 FLR 1115, Fam D

Westminster City Council v C [2008] EWCA Civ 198; [2009] Fam 11; [2009] 2 WLR 185; [2008] 2 FLR 267; (2008) 158 NLJ 479, CA

XCC v AA [2012] EWHC 2183 (COP); [2013] 2 All ER 988, Ct of Protection

Subsequent Consideration

Cases subsequently considering: In re N (An Adult) (Court of Protection: Jurisdiction) [2017] UKSC 22; [2017] AC 549; [2017] 2 WLR 1011; [2017] 3 All ER 719; [2017] WLR (D) 202; Case details, SC(E)

Cases citing

Cases citing: In re N (An Adult) (Court of Protection: Jurisdiction) [2013] EWHC 3859 (COP); [2014] COPLR 11; [2013] CN 1859, Ct of Protection

North Yorkshire County Council v MAG [2016] EWCOP 5, Ct of Protection

Cases citing: In re N (An Adult) (Court of Protection: Jurisdiction) [2015] EWCA Civ 411; [2016] Fam 87; [2015] 3 WLR 1585; [2015] WLR (D) 208, CA

Director of Adult Social Care Newcastle upon Tyne City Council v V [2015] EWCOP 87; [2016] EWCOP 7; [2016] Fam 229; [2016] 2 WLR 1327, Ct of Protection

In re AG [2015] EWCOP 78, Ct of Protection

In re Briggs (Incapacitated Person) [2017] EWCA Civ 1169; [2018] Fam 63; [2018] 2 WLR 152; [2018] 2 All ER 990; [2017] WLR (D) 535, CA

In re Briggs (Incapacitated Person) [2016] EWCOP 48; [2017] Fam 207; [2017] 2 WLR 926; [2016] WLR (D) 634, Ct of Protection

In re Briggs (Incapacitated Person) (Medical Treatment: Best Interests Decision) (No 2) [2016] EWCOP 53; [2017] 4 WLR 37; [2017] WLR (D) 25, Ct of Protection

In re H (Children) [2018] EWFC 61; [2019] 1 FLR 792, Fam Ct

In re M (Jurisdiction: Wardship) [2016] EWCA Civ 937; [2017] 2 FLR 153, CA

In re ND (Court of Protection: Costs and Declarations) [2020] EWCOP 42; [2021] 1 FLR 1091, Ct of Protection

In re NRA [2015] EWCOP 59; 18 CCLR 392; [2015] COPLR 690; [2015] WLR (D) 394, Ct of Protection

In re PQ (Court Authorised DOL: Representation During Review Period) [2024] EWCOP 41 (T3), Ct of Protection

In re SW (No 2) [2017] EWCOP 30, Ct of Protection

In re T (A Child) (Early Permanence Placement) [2015] EWCA Civ 983; [2017] 1 FLR 330; [2015] CN 1555, CA

In re X (Court of Protection: Deprivation of Liberty Cases) (Nos 1 and 2) [2015] EWCA Civ 599; [2016] 1 WLR 227; [2016] 1 All ER 533; [2015] WLR (D) 257, CA

In re Z [2016] EWCOP 4, Ct of Protection

London Steam-Ship Owners’ Mutual Insurance Association Ltd v Kingdom of Spain (No 4) (The Prestige) [2021] EWCA Civ 1589; [2022] 1 WLR 3434; [2022] 3 All ER 970; [2022] 2 All ER (Comm) 569; [2022] 1 Lloyd's Rep 539; [2021] WLR(D) 568, CA

North Yorkshire County Council v MAG [2016] EWCOP 5, Ct of Protection

North Yorkshire County Council v MAG & Ors [2015] EWCOP 64, Ct of Protection

R (F) v Inner South London Senior Coroner (Intensive Care Society intervening) [2015] EWHC 2990 (Admin); [2016] 1 WLR 2385; (2016) 180 JP 85; [2016] COPLR 119; [2015] WLR (D) 442; [2016] ACD 14; [2015] Inquest LR 293, DC

RE: NRA [2015] EWCOP 59, Ct of Protection

Cases citing: In re N (An Adult) (Court of Protection: Jurisdiction) [2017] UKSC 22; [2017] AC 549; [2017] 2 WLR 1011; [2017] 3 All ER 719; [2017] WLR (D) 202; Case details, SC(E)

A Local Authority v C [2021] EWCOP 25; [2021] 1 WLR 5689; [2021] WLR(D) 289, Ct of Protection

A Local Authority v KP [2023] EWHC 3102 (Fam), Fam D/Ct of Protection

A NHS Trust v Y [2018] UKSC 46; [2019] AC 978; [2018] 3 WLR 751; [2019] 1 All ER 95; [2018] WLR (D) 490; Case details, SC(E)

A NHS Trust v Y [2017] EWHC 2866 (QB); [2017] 4 WLR 222; [2017] WLR (D) 771, QBD

AB, Re [2021] EWCOP 21, Ct of Protection

An ICB v G & Ors [2024] EWCOP 13, Ct of Protection

An NHS Trust v AF [2020] EWCOP 55, Ct of Protection

Bagguley v E [2019] EWCOP 49; [2020] Fam 267; [2020] 2 WLR 236; [2019] WLR(D) 604, Ct of Protection

Baker & Anor v Hewston [2023] EWHC 1145 (Ch), Ch D

Birmingham City Council v D [2019] UKSC 42; [2019] 1 WLR 5403; [2019] PTSR 1816; [2020] 2 All ER 399; [2020] 1 FLR 549; Case details, SC(E)

EG & Anor. v AP & Ors. [2023] EWCOP 15, Ct of Protection

In re A [2020] EWCOP 38; [2020] 1 WLR 4008; [2020] WLR(D) 447, Ct of Protection

In re A (Covert Medication: Residence) [2024] EWCOP 19, Ct of Protection

In re A Ward of Court (Wardship: Interview) [2017] EWHC 1022 (Fam); [2017] Fam 369; [2017] 3 WLR 593; [2017] 4 All ER 331; [2017] 2 FLR 1515; [2017] WLR (D) 312, Fam D

In re AA (Court of Protection: Capacity to Consent to Sexual Practices) [2020] EWCOP 66, Ct of Protection

In re B (A Child) (Association of Lawyers for Children intervening) [2019] EWCA Civ 2025; [2020] Fam 221; [2020] 2 WLR 568; [2020] 3 All ER 375; [2020] 2 FLR 25; [2019] WLR (D) 646, CA

In re G [2022] EWCA Civ 1312; [2023] Fam 107; [2022] 3 WLR 1339; [2023] 3 All ER 291; [2022] WLR(D) 392, CA

In re H (Children) [2018] EWFC 61; [2019] 1 FLR 792, Fam Ct

In re M (Incapacitated Person: Withdrawal of Treatment) [2017] EWCOP 19; [2018] 1 WLR 465; [2018] 2 All ER 551; [2017] WLR (D) 615, Ct of Protection

In re ND (Court of Protection: Costs and Declarations) [2020] EWCOP 42; [2021] 1 FLR 1091, Ct of Protection

In re SW (No 2) [2017] EWCOP 30, Ct of Protection

JDO, Re (authorisation of deprivation of liberty) [2019] EWCOP 47, Ct of Protection

MA v Gateshead Council [2024] EWCOP 34 (T1), Ct of Protection

MOC v Secretary of State for Work and Pensions [2022] EWCA Civ 1; [2022] PTSR 576; [2022] WLR(D) 16, CA

RS v JS [2020] EWFC 63; [2020] 4 WLR 139; [2021] 4 All ER 245; [2021] 2 FLR 641; [2020] WLR(D) 532, Fam Ct

RS v JS [2021] EWCA Civ 1572; [2022] 1 All ER 860; [2022] 1 FLR 840, CA

Reading Borough Council v P & Ors. [2022] EWCOP 27, Ct of Protection

SM v Livewell Southwest Community Interest Co [2020] UKUT 191 (AAC); [2020] 1 WLR 5171; [2020] WLR(D) 511, UT

Sherwood Forest Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust v H [2020] EWCOP 5, Ct of Protection

The Queen on the Application of JXD v The London Borough of Southwark [2018] EWHC 3935 (Admin), QBD

University Hospitals Southampton NHS Foundation Trust v T & Ors [2023] EWCOP 54, Ct of Protection

VT v NHS Cambridgeshire and Peterborough Integrated Care Board [2024] EWHC 294 (Fam), Fam D