Federal Republic of Germany v B

Subject Matter

EUROPEAN UNION — Persons needing international protection — Refugee status — Persons eligible — Member state refusing third-country nationals’ applications for refugee status on grounds of serious reasons for considering applicants committing serious non-political crimes before being admitted to its territory — Whether membership and active support of organisation listed in common position on measures combating terrorism “serious non-political crime” or “acts contrary to purposes and principles of United Nations” — Whether exclusion from refugee status conditional on applicant presenting continuing danger — Whether competent authorities required to carry out proportionality test in each case — Whether grant of asylum under national law compatible with refusal of refugee status under European Union law — Council Directive 2004/83/EC, arts 3, 12(2)(b)(c)

(Joined cases C-57/09 and C-101/09); EU:C:2010:661; [2012] 1 WLR 1076; [2011] Imm AR 190, ECJ

Legislation Considered

EU Enactments

Directive 2004/83/EC (Council), arts 3, 12(2)(b)(c)

Words & Phrases

"Acts contrary to purposes and principles of United Nations" — Council Directive 2004/83/EC, art 12(2)(c)

"Serious non-political crime" — Council Directive 2004/83/EC, art 12(2)(b)

Cases Cited

Cases cited in: Federal Republic of Germany v B (Joined cases C-57/09 and C-101/09); EU:C:2010:661; [2012] 1 WLR 1076; [2011] Imm AR 190, ECJ

Abdulla v Bundesrepublik Deutschland (Joined cases C-175/08, C-176/08, C-178/08 and C-179/08); EU:C:2010:105; [2011] QB 46; [2010] 3 WLR 1624; [2010] All ER (EC) 799; [2010] ECR I-1493, ECJ

Bolbol v Bevándorlási és Állampolgársági Hivtal (Case C-31/09); EU:C:2010:351; [2012] All ER (EC) 469, ECJ

Kurdistan Workers’ Party (PKK) v Council of the European Union (Case T-229/02) [2005] ECR II-539, ECJ

Van Duyn v Home Office (Case C-41/74); (Case C-41/74); EU:C:1974:133; [1975] Ch 358; [1975] 2 WLR 760; [1975] 3 All ER 190, ECJ

Subsequent Consideration

Cases subsequently considering: Federal Republic of Germany v B (Joined cases C-57/09 and C-101/09); EU:C:2010:661; [2012] 1 WLR 1076; [2011] Imm AR 190, ECJ

Cases citing

Cases citing: Federal Republic of Germany v B (Joined cases C-57/09 and C-101/09); EU:C:2010:661; [2012] 1 WLR 1076; [2011] Imm AR 190, ECJ

AH (Algeria) v Secretary of State for the Home Department [2012] EWCA Civ 395, CA

AH (Algeria) v Secretary of State for the Home Department [2012] EWCA Civ 395; [2012] 1 WLR 3469; [2012] WLR (D) 106, CA

AH (Algeria) v Secretary of State for the Home Department (No 2) [2015] EWCA Civ 1003; [2016] 1 WLR 2071; [2016] 3 All ER 453; [2015] WLR (D) 413, CA

AH v THE SECRETARY OF STATE FOR THE HOME DEPARTMENT [2013] UKUT 382 (IAC), UT

AKBAR AZIMI-RAD v THE SECRETARY OF STATE FOR THE HOME DEPARTMENT [2011] UKUT 339 (IAC), UT

Ahmed (Borders, asylum and immigration - Refugee status or subsidiary protection status - Judgment) (Case C-369/17); EU:C:2018:713, ECJ

Ahmedbekova v Zamestnik-predsedatel na Darzhavna agentsia za bezhantsite (Case C-652/16); EU:C:2018:801; EU:C:2018:514; [2019] 1 WLR 2779; [2018] WLR(D) 515, ECJ

Al-Sirri v Secretary of State for the Home Department (United Nations High Comr for Refugees intervening) [2012] UKSC 54; [2013] 1 AC 745; [2012] 3 WLR 1263; [2013] 1 All ER 1267; [2012] WLR (D) 333; Case details, SC(E)

Bilali v Bundesamt für Fremdenwesen und Asyl (Case C-720/17); EU:C:2019:448; [2019] 4 WLR 124; [2019] WLR(D) 299, ECJ

Bundesamt für Fremdenwesen und Asyl (Réfugié ayant commis un crime grave) (Case C-663/21); EU:C:2023:540, ECJ

Centre public d’action sociale d’Ottignies-Louvain-la-Neuve (CPAS) v Abdida (Case C-562/13); EU:C:2014:2453; [2015] 1 WLR 3109; [2015] All ER (EC) 147; [2014] WLR (D) 553, ECJ

Changu (Case C-352/23); EU:C:2024:748, ECJ

Commissaire général aux réfugiés and aux apatrides (Réfugié ayant commis un crime grave) (Case C-8/22); EU:C:2023:542, ECJ

Commissaire général aux réfugiés et aux apatrides v Lounani (Case C-573/14); EU:C:2017:71; [2017] 4 WLR 52; [2017] WLR (D) 56, ECJ

Criminal proceedings against Qurbani (Case C-481/13); EU:C:2014:2101; [2014] CN 1313, ECJ

D (Case C-101/09); EU:C:2009:285, ECJ

DD (Afghanistan) v Secretary of State for the Home Department [2012] UKSC 54; [2013] 1 AC 745; [2012] 3 WLR 1263; 34 BHRC 69; [2013] Imm AR 330; [2013] INLR 665; The Times, 19 December 2012; Case details, SC(E)

Ghezelbash v Staatssecretaris van Veiligheid en Justitie (Case C-63/15); EU:C:2016:409; [2016] 1 WLR 3969; [2016] WLR (D) 301, ECJ

JS (Uganda) v Secretary of State for the Home Department [2019] EWCA Civ 1670; [2020] 1 WLR 43; [2019] WLR(D) 570, CA

K v Staatssecretaris van Veiligheid en Justitie (Joined Cases C-331/16 and C-366/16); EU:C:2018:296; EU:C:2017:973; [2019] 1 WLR 1877; [2018] WLR(D) 272, ECJ (GC)

M v Minister for Justice and Equality, Ireland (No 2) (Case C-560/14); EU:C:2017:101; [2017] 1 WLR 1631; [2017] WLR (D) 86, ECJ

M v Minister for Justice, Equality and Law Reform, Ireland (Case C-277/11); EU:C:2012:744; [2013] 1 WLR 1259; [2012] WLR (D) 359, ECJ

MT v THE SECRETARY OF STATE FOR THE HOME DEPARTMENT [2012] UKUT 15 (IAC), UT

M’Bodj v Kingdom of Belgium (Case C-542/13); EU:C:2014:2452; [2015] 1 WLR 3059; [2015] All ER (EC) 123; [2014] WLR (D) 556, ECJ

R (NS (Afghanistan)) v Secretary of State for the Home Department (Amnesty International Ltd intervening) (Joined cases C-411/10 and C-493/10); EU:C:2011:865; [2013] QB 102; [2012] 3 WLR 1374; [2012] All ER (EC) 1011; [2012] 2 CMLR 9; [2011] WLR (D) 388, ECJ

Shepherd v Federal Republic of Germany (Case C-472/13); EU:C:2015:117; [2015] QB 799; [2015] 3 WLR 611; [2015] WLR (D) 88, ECJ

T v Land Baden-Württemberg (Case C-373/13); EU:C:2015:413; [2016] 1 WLR 109; [2016] 1 CMLR 6; [2015] WLR (D) 271, ECJ

Youssef v Secretary of State for the Home Department [2016] UKUT 137 (IAC), UT

Youssef v Secretary of State for the Home Department [2018] EWCA Civ 933; [2019] QB 445; [2018] 3 WLR 1532; [2018] WLR(D) 259, CA