Court of Appeal
Regina v Toner
[2019] EWCA Crim 447
2019 March 12; 15
Bean LJ, Sir David Calvert-Smith, Judge Williams
CrimeIndictmentJoinder of chargesDefendant charged with indecency with young children between 1986 and 1991 and possession of indecent photos of child in 2015Defendant convicted after judge refusing application to sever indictment to enable historic and recent counts to be tried separatelyCorrect approach to joinder and severanceWhether over 25 years between commission of offences too long a period to constitute “series of offences of … similar character” Indictments Act 1915 (5 & 6 Geo 5, c 90), ss 4 (as amended by Criminal Law Act 1967, Sch 3, Pt III), 5(3) Crim PR 3.21(4)

The repeal of rule 9 of the Indictment Rules 1971 and its replacement by Crim PR 3.21(4), has removed the technical barriers to joinder under section 4 of the Indictments Act 1915, in appropriate cases. In a case where the evidence on one count would properly be admissible on the other, as evidence of bad character, it is difficult to argue that the defendant would be prejudiced or embarrassed in his defence by having both counts or sets of counts on the same indictment, pursuant to section 5(3) of the 1915 Act. The judge is not required to order severance of the indictment and separate trials, unless, on their proper construction, the Crim PR compels it or there is some other factor, such as the need to avoid overloading the indictment or over-burdening the jury, which makes separate trials desirable (para 13).

Per curiam. It is doubtful that charges of indecency with young children between 1986 and 1991 and of possession of child pornography on a laptop and USB sticks in 2015 could be said to form part of a series of offences of the same or a similar character (para 7).

Esther Schutzer-Weissmann (assigned by the Registrar of Criminal Appeals) for the defendant.

Abigail Husbands (instructed by Crown Prosecution Service, Appeals Unit, Special Crime Division) for the Crown.

Georgina Orde, Barrister

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